Fleming College: Learn | Belong | Become

Program Highlights

Expand your career horizons with an additional year of study in the Fish and Wildlife Technology program. Through building on what you've learned in the Technician program, and adding more in-depth studies into the science of fish and wildlife management, you'll be prepared for even greater career success in the field.

You'll take part in more hands-on field experiences and related work placements, training in advanced laboratory techniques, data compilation and analysis, and report writing. An exciting, four-weeks of field placement provides you with the opportunity to further explore your career options - and make valuable employment contacts. Two, week-long field camps in the fall and winter will round out your more intensive experience and extensive skill set.

• Our program is the only one in Ontario accredited by the North American Wildlife Technologist Association (NAWTA).
• Fleming is the only college in Ontario offering a third year specialization in Fish and Wildlife Technology.
• Our spectacular learning environment includes an on-campus fish hatchery that supports the School's participation as a partner in the Lake Ontario Atlantic Salmon Restoration Project. Students are involved in daily hatchery operations.
• Program graduates are eligible for advanced standing into Trent University's Honours Bachelor of Science in Biology or Honours Bachelor of Science in Environmental and Resource Studies and can complete their Honours degree with just two years of study at Trent.

Why Choose Fleming?

The Fish and Wildlife Technology program benefits from the expertise and enthusiasm of faculty who have had real-life experience in the field, and from the focus on hands-on, experiential learning. We also help you secure your future, as many employers, such as the Ontario Ministries of the Environment and Natural Resources or private environmental consulting firms, are looking for graduates from this program. Our contacts are a valuable resource in your career development.

Common First Semester

Students in our School’s diploma programs take the same courses for first semester after choosing and being accepted into one of our programs. This common focus exposes you to a variety of career options and other programs. You will have the freedom to explore and obtain a multidisciplinary perspective, while you acquire a base of knowledge and fundamental skills.

Although students are accepted into a specific program for their first semester, the common first semester allows you to change direction if you find another program or career area is more appealing. Once you have successfully completed the common first semester, you can enter the program of your choice in second semester, subject to enrolment capacity.

Work Experience

To further practice your skills and expand your network of employment contacts, you'll take part in a field placement during each semester.

What it Takes to Succeed

As a Fish and Wildlife Technologist, you should possess:

• analytical skills
• strong sciences/maths background
• problem-solving ability and research skills

Career Opportunities

Like the Fish and Wildlife Technician, you will find work in Canada from coast to coast. You will hold a variety of positions from fish and wildlife technologists to interpreters at fish and wildlife reserves, fishing and hunting guides, and wetland inventory technicians. As a Technologist, you will be able to move into managerial or specialized positions more quickly than with the two-year Technician diploma - as you will have developed a more focused skill set. You'll find work for a variety of organizations, such as government research agencies and ministries, private consulting firms, or environmental management agencies such as Ducks Unlimited and the Ontario Federation of Anglers and Hunters.

Minimum Admission Requirements

OSSD with the majority of credits at the College (C) and Open (O) level, including:

• 2 College (C) English courses (Grade 11 or Grade 12)
• 2 College (C) Math courses (Grade 11 or Grade 12) 

When (C) is the minimum course level for admission, (U) or (U/C) courses are also accepted. 

Recommended:

• Grade 11 or Grade 12 Chemistry and Biology are strongly recommended.

(Although not required for admission, these courses will help to prepare you for the program.)

Mature Students
If you are 19 years of age or older before classes start, and you do not possess an OSSD, you can write the Canadian Adult Achievement Test to assess your eligibility for admission. Additional testing or academic upgrading may be neccessary to meet specific course requirements for this program.

Program Progression

To enter year three (semester five) of the Fish and Wildlife Technology Diploma program, you must have successfully completed the two-year Fish and Wildlife Technician program.

 *Students starting in January are required to attend classes over the summer semester.

Health Requirements

• Fish and Wildlife program students are required to show proof of a protective titre from rabies vaccination before they enter into semester 3.
• Students will handle mammal carcasses, so for health and safety reasons, those who do not provide proof of a protective titre will not be permitted to progress to semester 3 of this program. For more information and to print the required form, go to: Immunization Information page.
• Effective September 2011: proof of protective rabies titre is required prior to the start of classes in semester 2
• Students with advanced standing who are entering or transferring into the program in semester 5 must provide proof of  a protective titre from rabies vaccination  prior to the start of classes.

Additional Costs

Plan on spending approximately $675 for books, supplies and field camps.

University Transfer Agreements

• Athabasca University
• Cape Breton University
• Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
• Royal Roads University - Victoria, B.C.
• Trent University
• University of Ontario Institute of Technology

Course	Hours
Semester 1
Environmental Leadership	45.00
Applied Mathematics in Natural Resource Sciences	45.00
Ecology and Environment	60.00
Ecosystem Skills	60.00
Geospatial Techniques	45.00
ONE of: College Communication Skills for Environmental Science 67.00 College Communications for Environmental Science 37.00
Please Note: All students will complete literacy testing in order to determine enrollment in the appropriate Communications course.
Semester 2
Aquatic Studies	45.00
Data Management for Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences	45.00
Introductory Chemistry	45.00
Technical Reporting	45.00
Trees and Shrubs Of Ontario	45.00
Wildlife Observation Skills	45.00
General Education Elective
Semester 3
Field Ornithology	45.00
Habitat Classification	60.00
Human Relations	45.00
Limnology I	60.00
Vertebrate Biology	60.00
Wildlife Technologies	45.00
Choose Two Program Electives: Fisheries Field Camp (BO) 40.00 Introduction to Fisheries Management 60.00 Introduction to Wildlife Management 60.00 Wildlife Field Camp 40.00
Please Note: If students are pursuing the Fisheries option in Semester 3, they must select APST23 and FIWI16. If students are pursuing the Wildlife option in Semester 3, they must select APST92 and FIWI47.
Semester 4
Environmental Issues: The Human Factor	45.00
Animal Pathology	45.00
Limnology II	60.00
Natural Resources and the Law	45.00
Statistics	45.00
Wildlife	60.00
Wildlife Diseases	15.00
General Education Elective
Semester 5
Big Game and Fur Management I	45.00
Environmental Analysis	45.00
Fall Field Camp	40.00
Field Placement	80.00
Introduction to Vector GIS	45.00
Limnology III	45.00
Sport and Commercial Fisheries	45.00
Waterfowl Management	45.00
Semester 6
Applied GIS	45.00
Big Game and Fur Management II	45.00
Environmental Monitoring	45.00
Environmental Sampling and Analysis	45.00
Field Placement	80.00
Fisheries and Wildlife Research Project	45.00
Integrated Habitat Assessment	45.00
Winter Field Camp	40.00

Semester 1

College Communication Skills for Environmental Science

Course Number: COMM157

Units: 67.00
Hours: 67.00

College Communications for Environmental Science

Course Number: COMM044

This course focuses on the development of fundamental writing and speaking skills, both individually and in teams, within the context of program and work needs in the environmental field. Also, students will be required to apply and to demonstrate fundamental research skills, including an analysis of library and Web resources pertaining to program-related topics. Assessment strategies will be tied closely to other common first semester courses.

Units: 37.00
Hours: 37.00

Environmental Leadership

Course Number: NATR008

This course will enable students to develop a personal position and direct their career path within the context of the environmental and natural resource industry. An integrated, community based learning approach will be used to identify and apply a personal understanding of leadership, sustainability and community in the context of natural resource sciences.

Units: 45.00
Hours: 45.00

Applied Mathematics in Natural Resource Sciences

Course Number: MATH063

This course will enable students to apply specific mathematical concepts and acquire foundation skills important in the Natural Resource and Environmental Sciences. It is designed to complement and reinforce learning within other first semester courses and program areas.

Units: 45.00
Hours: 45.00

Ecology and Environment

Course Number: ENVR020

Learn how nature works by studying the key components of the ecosystems in the Kawartha Lakes Region. Through field and lab exploration of wild life, landforms, forests, lakes, rivers and wetlands, students will see the connections between themselves, the environment and ecosystems that surround them.

Units: 60.00
Hours: 60.00

Ecosystem Skills

Course Number: ECOS013

This course will focus on three areas of study: identification, field and lab skills. Students will identify and classify the living and non-living components of the specific ecosystems described in the Ecology and Environment (ENVR 20) course. Field skills to be developed include the ability to navigate through the natural environment and use a variety of ecosystem inventory techniques. Special emphasis will be placed on safe work habits in lab and field.

Units: 60.00
Hours: 60.00

Geospatial Techniques

Course Number: GEOM036

This course is designed around the four pillars of Geomatics: Remote Sensing, Cartography, Surveying and GIS. Students will develop entry-level skills in data capture, surveying, (computer) drafting, principles of remote sensing, air photo interpretation, and in usage of representative Geomatics-related software.

Units: 45.00
Hours: 45.00

Semester 2

Aquatic Studies

Course Number: FIWI042

Aquatic Studies is an introduction to some of the basic components and procedures involved in the study of aquatic ecosystems. Fish identification skills as well as aquatic and wetland plant identification skills will be stressed in this course. Invertebrate identification will be introduced. The students will also learn field water chemistry procedures and electrofishing techniques.

Units: 45.00
Hours: 45.00

Data Management for Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences

Course Number: COMP461

A complete understanding of how to use data management tools will be gained through hands on work with data from a variety of disciplines in the School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences. The course will cover data entry, manipulation and analysis as well as how to import/export and link data, charts and graphs to documents in various programs.

Units: 45.00
Hours: 45.00

Introductory Chemistry

Course Number: SCIE062

This course is designed to provide a knowledge and understanding of the principles of chemistry. The following topics: matter and energy, atomic structure, properties and nomenclature of compounds, chemical bonding, chemical reactions, solutions, acids and bases, and a brief study of organic chemistry will be presented

Units: 45.00
Hours: 45.00

Technical Reporting

Course Number: COMM034

This course is an introduction to technical writing and speaking for students in the School of Environmental & Natural Resource Sciences. Students will write a formal technical report by applying research skills in the library and on the Internet, writing an outline and an introduction, documenting their sources of information in the CSE name-year style, editing and revising drafts of their reports, writing formal elements of the report, and integrating graphic presentations with text. In addition, they will present their reports orally, using appropriate audiovisual media, write a set of instructions in memo format, and be able to identify several common types of reports.

Units: 45.00
Hours: 45.00

Trees and Shrubs Of Ontario

Course Number: FSTY050

This course deals with the identification of approximately 100 species of trees and shrubs of importance to those managing the forests resources of Ontario. Throughout the semester identification features for common trees and shrubs in both summer and winter condition are introduced and applied. A number of field trips are utilized to assist students with their identification skills. In the weekly lecture series topics such as tree growth, reproduction, photosynthesis, respiration, forest ecology and uses of trees will be introduced. At the completion of the course students will have a sound working knowledge of dendrology. The skills introduced in this semester may then be used in following semesters when working with Forest Ecosystem Classification, Restoration Ecology, Conservation Planning and other habitat management situations.

Units: 45.00
Hours: 45.00

Wildlife Observation Skills

Course Number: FIWI041

This course is an introduction to a range of skills in wildlife observation. A variety of wildlife species may be present in an environment despite not being seen. Important skills include visual and auditory identification of wildlife signs. The primary emphasis in this course will be on identification of wildlife signs such as tracks, trail patterns, scat, skulls, impacts on the environment, bird song and amphibian calls. When ever possible it is important to achieve visual observation and documentation of wildlife. Photography will be examined as a tool to document wildlife and their signs. Studies of wildlife observation technology will include an evaluation of binoculars and spotting scopes. Wildlife observation projects and groups will be reviewed including the Christmas Bird Count and breeding bird surveys. Lab instruction will be augmented with field trips to observe signs of local wildlife and when possible to document actual wildlife sightings.

Units: 45.00
Hours: 45.00

Semester 3

Field Ornithology

Course Number: FIWI046

This course is designed for people working with or interested in working with passerines, waterfowl, shorebirds, upland gamebirds, wading birds and raptors. In this course, emphasis will be placed on; field identification of; biology of; external topography of (including feather groups and how they are used to determine age and sex); external sexing and aging techniques; preferred habitats and habitat requirements of; population status of; vulnerability and conservation efforts in; population census and monitoring techniques in; and internal management agreements concerning each of these bird groups. This course will include field excursions and outdoor research technique demonstrations; capture and handling techniques; bird banding; tissue and other biological sample collection; applications in genetic biology; and advances in bioacoustic technologies.

Units: 45.00
Hours: 45.00

Habitat Classification

Course Number: FIWI044

This course will provide participants with a variety of habitat inventory techniques following a number of Environment Canada's, Ecological Monitoring and Assessment Network (EMAN) protocols. The course will start with a large scope approach looking at world wide biomes and realms, focusing on the variables of plant and associated wildlife species. The course the narrows its focus in a nested manner looking at Canadian ecosystems, then Ontario Ecological land Classification and Forest ecosystem classification. At each level of habitat classification wildlife habitat suitability will be emphasized and outline preferred and useable habitat for all wildlife species. Within these classifications, woody plant identification, coarse woody debris, herbaceous plant identification, soils and biodiversity of both terrestrial and wetland habitat will be investigated leading to establishing links between habitat and wildlife suitability. The main objective of the course is to explore current field inventory techniques employed by Fish and Wildlife resource technicians in North America.

Units: 60.00
Hours: 60.00

Human Relations

Course Number: MGMT005

This course examines self-awareness, interpersonal relations, motivation, stress, small group dynamics, and organizational behaviour. Particular attention will be paid to leadership and conflict management in employment situations. Contemporary developments reshaping human relations will be introduced for study and discussion.

Units: 45.00
Hours: 45.00

Limnology I

Course Number: FIWI017

This course provides an introduction to basic limnology, with an emphasis on chemical and physical aspects. Students will learn how to properly use common limnological instruments and sampling devices and to perform aquatic surveys. The concepts of sample and analytical integrity will be stressed, as well as interpretation of results. Laboratory sessions will deal with laboratory and field techniques, while lectures will relate to the principles behind, and rationale for, lab and field techniques.

Units: 60.00
Hours: 60.00

Vertebrate Biology

Course Number: SCIE032

The course provides an introduction to ichthyology, herpetology, ornithology, and mammalogy. Included will be concepts of evolution, behaviour, anatomy, and the physiology of fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. The laboratory periods will be used to study, dissect, and identify representative vertebrates.

Units: 60.00
Hours: 60.00

Wildlife Technologies

Course Number: FIWI043

This course offers knowledge and practical training in current and emerging technologies important in fish and wildlife management. The technologies covered in this course include but are not restricted to the following: radio and ultrasonic telemetry, GPS navigation, PIT tags, data loggers and a variety of computer applications.

Units: 45.00
Hours: 45.00

Fisheries Field Camp (BO)

Course Number: APST023

This course is designed to give second-year students an enhanced exposure to the aquatic community. It involves two days of intensive training into the use and philosophy of aspects required for the preparation and procedural concepts of fisheries research. This will be followed by one week of active work on the lake, collecting data that will be incorporated by the government agencies responsible for managing the Kawartha Lakes. Areas of study will include boat handling and motor maintenance, learning to read water conditions, applying the use of GPS units, working with a variety of fish nets, water chemistry, shoreline habitat documentation, fish sampling, and the application of fish tags. Another concept is the knowledge of working together in a group format to produce valid results.

Units: 40.00
Hours: 40.00

Introduction to Fisheries Management

Course Number: FIWI016

The principles, philosophy, and application of fisheries management in Ontario are examined in this course. Case histories will be used to emphasize current topics in natural resource management. The laboratory sessions will stress field activities and hands-on experiences as well as practical expertise in identifying, collecting, and aging fish components.

Units: 60.00
Hours: 60.00

Introduction to Wildlife Management

Course Number: FIWI047

The principles, philosophy, and application of wildlife management in Ontario are examined in this course. Emphasis will be placed on current topics in wildlife management and inventory techniques. This course also includes approaches to basic fisheries management and the techniques used by fisheries managers. The laboratory session will stress field activities and hands-on experiences and may include wildlife surveys.

Units: 60.00
Hours: 60.00

Wildlife Field Camp

Course Number: APST092

Wildlife field camp will focus on wildlife population inventories and other fish and wildlife population investigation techniques. Range and/or habitat assessments for selected Ontario wildlife species will also be conducted.

Units: 40.00
Hours: 40.00

Semester 4

Environmental Issues: The Human Factor

Course Number: GNED015

This course introduces students to the non-technical aspects of environmental issues: historical, cultural, ethical, political, and economic. It is concerned with how environmental issues enter public consciousness and how they are subsequently dealt with in the Canadian and global communities. Students will be encouraged to adopt a balanced, analytical approach as the basis for developing and expressing their own viewpoints as informed citizens and technicians/technologists.

Units: 45.00
Hours: 45.00

Animal Pathology

Course Number: SCIE126

This course examines the pathology of diseases of common freshwater fish, birds, and mammals of Ontario and central Canada. Emphasis will be placed on factors contributing to disease, disease investigation, disease management strategies, Animal handling and euthanasia, necropsy techniques, methods of evaluating health parameters and tissue sampling procedures. N.B. All students must show proof of a protective rabies titre for this course

Units: 45.00
Hours: 45.00

Limnology II

Course Number: FIWI018

This course examines the ecology, biology, and taxonomy of common freshwater aquatic organisms. Additional topics will include an introduction to water pollution (including its effect on aquatic life), food web structure, and the impact of new species invasions.

Units: 60.00
Hours: 60.00

Natural Resources and the Law

Course Number: LAWS056

This course provides an introduction to laws that have an impact on the use of natural resources in Ontario. The course will deal with an overview of the legal system, the underlying principles of gaining compliance, and specific legislation that may be encountered in the natural resources field.

Units: 45.00
Hours: 45.00

Statistics

Course Number: MATH025

This course covers data organization, the basic statistical parameters, confidence intervals for means, the normal distribution, hypothesis testing (Chi-square, 'F', 't' and Anova), and regression analysis.

Units: 45.00
Hours: 45.00

Wildlife

Course Number: FIWI038

This course includes instruction in standard field and laboratory techniques used in the study of wildlife and basic principles of wildlife management, with emphasis on aging and sexing techniques. Concepts relating to small game, big game, fur, and waterfowl management will be introduced. This course has a compulsory two-day field exercise occurring in the week immediately following the winter semester.

Units: 60.00
Hours: 60.00

Wildlife Diseases

Course Number: SCIE127

This course identifies and examines prominent diseases of common freshwater fish, birds, and mammals of Ontario and central Canada, with a focus on diseases of zoonotic and economic importance. Emphasis will be placed on disease recognition, significance of each disease, identifying causative agents, hosts, predisposing factors, methods to reduce disease transmission and zoonosis, signs and symptoms, testing for disease, and disease management strategies.

Units: 15.00
Hours: 15.00

Semester 5

Big Game and Fur Management I

Course Number: FIWI004

This course includes a research project on a selected big game furbearer species, including a presentation of information in an open public format. Age, sex and habitat data are analyzed related to deer, moose and black bear management. Ageing techniques for these animals will be discussed. A pre winter deer range assessment project will be conducted. A muskrat study will be conducted which will consider habitat, population estimate and overall health of the population. Students must attend and participate in all field trips and activities.

Units: 45.00
Hours: 45.00

Environmental Analysis

Course Number: SCIE015

This course provides students with basic theories and techniques needed to analyze and sample water, soils, and tissue samples for environmental contaminants and other chemical constituents.

Units: 45.00
Hours: 45.00

Fall Field Camp

Course Number: APST018

The Fall Field Camp is designed to give students increased exposure to a variety of limnological, fisheries, and wildlife equipment and techniques. The camp to synthesizes past independent course knowledge and introduces students to advanced techniques and protocol. Some areas of study will include the collection of volume-weighted samples, the use of a submarine photometer, multi-parameter sonde unit, modified Fyke nets, fish tagging, and radio telemetry. Trapping techniques, map, photo interpretation, operation of handheld GPS units, and terrestrial ecosystem classification will be incorporated into wildlife inventories.

Units: 40.00
Hours: 40.00

Field Placement

Course Number: FLPL032

During Semester 5, students are involved in a two-week placement with a natural resource agency. This placement provides each student with hands-on experience. Each student is evaluated on this placement by the immediate supervisor and on an oral presentation given in class immediately following the placement. Students are required to pay for expenses.

Units: 80.00
Hours: 80.00

Introduction to Vector GIS

Course Number: GEOM034

This is an introductory level course in Vector GIS. Students will be exposed to various components of Vector GIS, including co-ordinate systems, map projections, data sources and data structures. Students will also learn how to produce maps in order to effectively communicate geographic information. Data collection techniques will be explored through the use of a GPS receiver.

Units: 45.00
Hours: 45.00

Limnology III

Course Number: FIWI019

This course makes use of skills attained in previous limnology courses and teaches additional limnological concepts and skills. Topics covered will relate to fish-hatchery water quality, aquatic productivity, enumeration of aquatic organisms, and biological monitoring of the aquatic environment using biota at different trophic levels.

Units: 45.00
Hours: 45.00

Sport and Commercial Fisheries

Course Number: FIWI033

The course includes a series of field and laboratory exercises on the management and ecology of major game species. The history of commercial fisheries will be examined, along with catch statistics, capture methods, and the management of commercially important species. Some fishery techniques include age and growth studies, habitat assessment, rehabilitation, population and biomass surveys, creel surveys, and diet analysis. In addition, there will be a large component of fishery science and application of mathematical models to fisheries management.

Units: 45.00
Hours: 45.00

Waterfowl Management

Course Number: FIWI037

Various topics and practices relating to waterfowl management are covered, such as a discussion of the North American Waterfowl Management Plan, population dynamics, and habitat manipulation. The provincial wetland evaluation program is presented and field procedures in identification, aging, and sexing of waterfowl are practised.

Units: 45.00
Hours: 45.00

Semester 6

Applied GIS

Course Number: GEOM006

This course provides students with the opportunity to explore how GIS technology is being used in a wide variety of natural resource and environmental applications locally, provincially, nationally and internationally. Hands on experience using current GIS software will allow students to continue to develop their GIS analysis skills. Term projects will provide the opportunity to use GIS as a tool to facilitate the management of, or solution to, a natural resource or environmental problem.

Units: 45.00
Hours: 45.00

Big Game and Fur Management II

Course Number: FIWI005

This course contains a public speaking presentation on a managed species of mammal. The Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources/Ontario Fur Harvesters Federation fur harvest, management and conservation course will be completed including certificate testing. The course includes a tour of a fur grading and auction facility.Students must attend and participate in all field trips and activities.

Units: 45.00
Hours: 45.00

Environmental Monitoring

Course Number: FIWI006

This course examines the importance of major contaminants in water, air, biota, soil, and sediment. Specifically, methods of detection, analysis, safe limits, government protocols, and regulations relating to these compounds will be reviewed. Several methods of environmental monitoring will be surveyed, including bioassays, ecosystem, response, and determination of the actual levels of contaminants in various media (e.g. air, water, biota).

Units: 45.00
Hours: 45.00

Environmental Sampling and Analysis

Course Number: SCIE016

This course involves the development and analysis of experimental design. Students will also be introduced to some of the methods of statistical analysis frequently used in the environmental field such as two-way ANOVA, cluster analysis, multiple regression, population estimation models.

Units: 45.00
Hours: 45.00

Field Placement

Course Number: FLPL022

During Semester V and VI, students are involved in a two-week placement with a natural resource agency. This placement provides each student with hands-on experience. Each student is evaluated on this placement by the immediate supervisor and/or an oral presentation given in class immediately following the placement. Students are required to cover their own expenses.

Units: 80.00
Hours: 80.00

Fisheries and Wildlife Research Project

Course Number: FIWI045

During the two-week field placement in previous semester, students will collect data for a scientific fisheries or wildlife project. Using the skills and knowledge gained in the previous semesters, the data will be processed, statistically analyzed, written up and presented for peer review.

Units: 45.00
Hours: 45.00

Integrated Habitat Assessment

Course Number: FIWI015

This course synthesizes the fish and wildlife skill set. The main focus will be the integration of all fish and wildlife values through the creation of a natural resource constraint plan. The course will reveal the complexity of integrated resource planning as students create their own plan.

Units: 45.00
Hours: 45.00

Winter Field Camp

Course Number: APST040

The Winter Field Camp is designed to give students increased exposure to a variety of limnological, fisheries, and wildlife equipment and techniques. The camp synthesizes past independent course knowledge and introduces students to advanced techniques and protocol. Some areas of study will include the collection of volume-weighted samples, the use of a submarine photometer, multiparameter sonde unit, nondestructive and destructive netting techniques, and radio telemetry. Trapping techniques, map, photo interpretation, operation of handheld GPS units, and terrestrial ecosystem classification will be incorporated into wildlife inventories.

Units: 40.00
Hours: 40.00